Kwiinkqubo zokudlulisa i-cryogenic, iindleko zokuqala zokuthenga ziyinxalenye enye kuphela ye-equation. Kwiifektri ezimfutshane nezilula, ukufakelwa kwe-insulation eqhelekileyo kusenokuba sisisombululo esisebenzayo. Nangona kunjalo, ekusebenzeni rhoqo kwemizi-mveliso, ngakumbi kwi-LNG, i-nitrogen engamanzi, i-argon, okanye inkonzo ye-hydrogen, ilahleko zokusebenza kunye neemfuno zokugcinwa zihlala zibaluleke ngakumbi kuneendleko zezixhobo zokuqala.

Ngokusekelwe kwizicelo zasentsimini esizibonileyo kule minyaka idlulileyo, iinkqubo zokukhusela uthuli zihlala zibuyisela utyalo-mali oluphezulu kwangaphambili kwisithuba seminyaka eli-1.5 ukuya kweyesi-2, kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zokusebenza, ixabiso lemveliso, kunye nobude bombhobho.

Kutheni ukusebenza kwe-insulation eqhelekileyo kutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha

Izinto zokwambathisa ezisetyenziswa njenge-cryogenic ezifana ne-polyurethane foam, iglasi yeselula, okanye i-perlite zinokubonelela ngentsebenzo yobushushu eyamkelekileyo xa intsha. Ukuqhuba kobushushu okuqhelekileyo kudla ngokuba phakathi kwe-0.015–0.030 W/m·K phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo.

Umngeni kukuba iinkqubo ze-cryogenic azifane zisebenze phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo ixesha elide.

Kwiindawo ezifumileyo, kunzima ukuyiphepha ngokupheleleyo i-perlite. I-perlite inokuhlala ixesha elide, kwaye i-foam insulation inokuba yingozi ngenxa yokwaluphala, ukucinezelwa, okanye umonakalo woomatshini ngexesha lokusebenza nokugcinwa. Kwezinye iinkqubo, ukusebenza kobushushu kuyehla kakhulu emva kweminyaka eliqela yokusebenza.

Kwimigca yokudlulisa i-nitrogen engamanzi okanye i-LNG, nokuba ukwanda okuncinci kokuvuza kobushushu kunokunyusa kakhulu ukuveliswa komphunga. Kwimigama emide yokudlulisa, oku kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukulahleka kwemveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo.

Ukugcinwa kwendlu yenye into ethathwa njengento engathandekiyo ngamanye amaxesha ngexesha lokuthengwa kwendlu. Xa ubushushu bugcwele okanye bonakele, umsebenzi wokulungisa uhlala unzima, ingakumbi xa kufakelwa ngaphandle okanye kwiirakhi zemibhobho kwiindawo zokusebenza.

Iingenelo zokusebenza kobushushu bokugquma nge-vacuum

Imibhobho egqunywe nge-vacuumisebenza ngomgaqo owahlukileyo. Ngokususa indawo ye-annular ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu le-vacuum, ukuhanjiswa kwegesi kunye ne-convection kuyancitshiswa ukuya kumanqanaba aphantsi kakhulu. Imitha iba yindlela ephambili yokudlulisa ubushushu eseleyo, encitshiswa ngoyilo lwe-multilayer insulation.

Phantsi kweemeko ezizinzileyo ze-vacuum, ukuhanjiswa kobushushu okusebenzayo kuhlala kuluhlu olumalunga ne-0.0005–0.002 W/m·K, kuxhomekeke kulwakhiwo lwenkqubo kunye nobushushu bokusebenza.

Enyanisweni, oku kuncipha kokuvuza kobushushu kunokuba nefuthe elilinganisekayo ekulahlekelweni kokubila. Umzekelo, kwenye igesi yemizi-mveliso ebandakanya ukudluliselwa kwe-argon engamanzi, ukubila kwancitshiswa kakhulu emva kokutshintsha imibhobho eqhelekileyo egqunyiweyo ngenkqubo egqunyiweyo yokubila. Ukonga okuchanekileyo ngokwendalo kuxhomekeke kwisantya sokuhamba, umjikelo womsebenzi, iimeko zokusingqongileyo, kunye nomgama wokudluliselwa.

Uzinzo lwe-vacuum yexesha elide lubalulekile

Ingongoma ebalulekileyo edla ngokungananzwa kukuba umgangatho we-vacuum ngokwawo kufuneka uhlale uzinzile ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Iinkqubo ze-vacuum ezizinzileyo zinokuncitshiswa kancinci kancinci ngenxa yokuphuma kwegesi, ukungena kwetywina, okanye amazinga okuvuza amancinci aqokelelene kwiminyaka emininzi yokusebenza. Isiphumo sihlala sicotha, kodwa kwinkonzo eqhubekayo yexesha elide iba yinto ebalulekileyo.

Ukujongana nale meko, inkqubo yethu inokuxhotyiswa ngeInkqubo yePompo yeDynamic Vacuum, esusa rhoqo iigesi ezingatshiyo kwindawo ejikelezileyo kwaye inceda ukugcina ukusebenza kwe-vacuum ngexesha lokusebenza.

Le ndlela iluncedo ngakumbi kwiziseko zophuhliso ezinkulu ze-LNG, izibonelelo ze-semiconductor, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemijikelo yomsebenzi oqhubekayo apho uzinzo lobushushu bexesha elide lubalulekile.

Kwiziko elinye le-semiconductor e-Asia, inqanaba le-vacuum lihlale lingaphantsi kwe-5×10⁻⁵ mbar emva kweminyaka eliqela yokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kwe-vacuum rhoqo. Phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo zenkonzo, ezinye iinkqubo ze-vacuum eziqhelekileyo zingafuna ukukhutshwa kwakhona kwifektri.

Izinto ezingaphaya kombhobho ngokwawo

Ukusebenza kwenkqubo yokudlulisa i-cryogenic akumiselwa kuphela licandelo lepayipi elithe tye.

Iivalvu, uqhagamshelo oluguquguqukayo, izahluli zesigaba, kunye nezinye izinto nazo zinokuba yimithombo ebalulekileyo yokungena kobushushu ukuba azigqunywanga ngokufanelekileyo.

Umzekelo, iziqu zevalvu ze-cryogenic eziqhelekileyo zinokudala iibhulorho zobushushu ezikufutshane.Ivalvu enejakethi yokucoca umoyaUyilo lunceda ekunciphiseni esi siphumo kakhulu kwaye luphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kobushushu kwenkqubo.

Abahluli besigabazibalulekile nakwiindawo apho ukwenziwa komphunga kuchaphazela uzinzo lwezixhobo ezisezantsi. Kwiinkqubo ze-hydrogen kunye ne-LNG, ukugcina ukuhanjiswa kolwelo okuzinzileyo kunokunceda ukunciphisa ukuguquguquka kokusebenza kunye nokwandisa amaxesha okugcinwa kwezinto ezinobuthathaka.

Kwiinkqubo zegesi zoshishino ezisasaziweyo, iipayipi eziguquguqukayo zokukhusela i-vacuum ezidityaniswe nezincinciiitanki zokugcina ezigqunywe nge-vacuumingenza kube lula ukufakela xa kuthelekiswa noyilo lwemibhobho oluqinileyo ngokupheleleyo, ingakumbi apho kukho imida yendawo okanye ukuhamba kwezixhobo.

Umzekelo ovela kufakelo lwe-LNG olufumileyo

Iprojekthi eseMzantsi-mpuma Asia yayibandakanya imibhobho yokudlulisa i-LNG efakwe kufutshane neendawo zokulayisha iilori kwindawo enomswakama ophezulu elunxwemeni. Inkqubo yokuqala yayisebenzisa imibhobho efakwe i-foam.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukuvezwa kokufuma okuphindaphindiweyo kwabangela ukonakala kobushushu kunye nomsebenzi wokulungisa ophindaphindayo. Ngokutsho komqhubi, ukutshintshwa kobushushu kunye nomsebenzi ohambelana noko kwabonakalisa iindleko ezinkulu eziphindaphindayo ngexesha lokusebenza kwesityalo.

Le nkqubo kamva yaphuculwa yaba yimibhobho egqunywe nge-vacuum insulation kunye nee-flexible vacuum insulation hose assemblies ezidityaniswe nenkqubo yokugcina i-vacuum ephakathi.

Emva kokuphuculwa, iimfuno zokugcinwa kwezinto ezithintela ubushushu zincitshiswe kakhulu, kwaye ukuqhubeka kokusebenza kuphucukile. Nangona inkqubo yokukhusela ubushushu obungenamoya ifuna utyalo-mali olukhulu lokuqala, umqhubi uqikelele ukuba iindleko zokusebenza nokugcina ixesha elide ziphantsi kakhulu kwixesha lenkonzo elicwangcisiweyo.

Ukuvavanya ixabiso lilonke endaweni yexabiso lokuthenga lodwa

Kumaqela okuthenga, ukuvavanya kuphela iindleko zezixhobo zosuku lokuqala ngamanye amaxesha kunokunika umfanekiso ongaphelelanga wezoqoqosho lwenkqubo iyonke.

Kwizicelo ezininzi eziqhubekayo ze-cryogenic, ukuvuza kobushushu okwandayo kwiminyaka yokusebenza kunefuthe elithe ngqo kumandla nakwixabiso lemveliso. Umahluko ubonakala ngakumbi njengoko umgama wokudluliselwa kunye neeyure zokusebenza zisanda.

Iinkqubo zethu ziyilwe ngokweemfuno ze-ASME B31.3 kunye ne-EN 13458.Umbhobho ogqunywe nge-vacuumamacandelo afumaneka kwi-304 kunye ne-316L stainless steel configurations, kunye ne-expansion recompension eyenzelwe ukujikeleza okuphindaphindiweyo kobushushu.Umbhobho oguquguqukayoIindibano zinokulungiselelwa usetyenziso oluphezulu loxinzelelo lokusebenza ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zeprojekthi.

Ukusebenza okwenyani kunye nembuyekezo kutyalo-mali ziya kwahluka ukusuka kwiprojekthi ukuya kwiprojekthi, yiyo loo nto uhlalutyo lobushushu kufanele lusekelwe kwiimeko zokusebenza zokwenyani kunokuba lube lula ukucinga.

Xa ubushushu obuqhelekileyo busenokufaneleka

Ukufakelwa kwe-insulation eqhelekileyo kuseyindlela efanelekileyo kwiimeko ezithile.

Kwimibhobho emifutshane kakhulu, ukufakelwa okwethutyana, okanye ukusebenza okwethutyana okusetyenziswa kancinci ngonyaka, iindleko ezongezelelweyo zokufakelwa kwe-vacuum zisenokungasoloko zifanelekile ngokwezoqoqosho.

Nangona kunjalo, kwiziseko ezisisigxina ezineenkonzo eziqhubekayo okanye ezisebenza kakhulu, iinkqubo zokukhusela ulwelo nge-vacuum zihlala ziluncedo ngakumbi xa zivavanywa kulo lonke ixesha lokusebenza.