IHelium sisiqalelo sekhemikhali esinophawu uHe kunye nenombolo yeathomu yesi-2. Yigesi engaqhelekanga esemoyeni, ayinambala, ayinancasa, ayinancasa, ayinatyhefu, ayitshi, inyibilika kancinci emanzini. Uxinzelelo lweHelium emoyeni yi-5.24 x 10-4 ngepesenti yomthamo. Ineendawo eziphantsi zokubila nokunyibilika kunayo nayiphi na into, kwaye ikhona njengegesi kuphela, ngaphandle kweemeko ezibandayo kakhulu.

I-Helium ithuthwa kakhulu njenge-gesi okanye i-helium engamanzi kwaye isetyenziswa kwi-reactors zenyukliya, kwi-semiconductors, kwi-laser, kwi-light bulbs, kwi-superconductivity, kwi-instrumentation, kwi-semiconductors nakwi-fiber optics, kwi-cryogenic, kwi-MRI nakwi-R&D kwi-laboratory research.

Umthombo obandayo wobushushu obuphantsi

IHelium isetyenziswa njenge-cryogenic coolant kwimithombo yokupholisa ye-cryogenic, efana ne-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), i-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, i-superconducting quantum particle accelerator, i-large hadron collider, i-interferometer (SQUID), i-electron spin resonance (ESR) kunye ne-superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), ii-MHD superconducting generators, i-superconducting sensor, i-power transmission, i-maglev transportation, i-mass spectrometer, i-superconducting magnet, i-strong magnetic field separators, i-annular field superconducting magnets kwi-fusion reactors kunye nolunye uphando lwe-cryogenic. I-Helium ipholisa izixhobo ze-cryogenic superconducting kunye ne-magnets ziye kufutshane ne-absolute zero, apho ukumelana kwe-superconductor kuyehla ngequbuliso kuye kwi-zero. Ukumelana okuphantsi kakhulu kwe-superconductor kudala i-magnetic field enamandla ngakumbi. Kwimeko yezixhobo ze-MRI ezisetyenziswa kwizibhedlele, amasimi e-magnetic aqinileyo avelisa iinkcukacha ezingakumbi kwimifanekiso ye-radiographic.

IHelium isetyenziswa njenge-super coolant kuba i-helium inawona manqaku aphantsi okunyibilika nokubila, ayiqini xa umoya uxinzelelekile kwaye i-0 K, kwaye i-helium ayinayo ikhemikhali, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima kakhulu ukusabela nezinye izinto. Ukongeza, i-helium iba yi-superfluid ngaphantsi kwe-2.2 Kelvin. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-ultra-mobility ekhethekileyo ayikaze isetyenziswe kuyo nayiphi na indlela yeshishini. Kumaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-17 Kelvin, akukho nto ingathatha indawo ye-helium njenge-refrigerant kumthombo we-cryogenic.

Iinqwelomoya kunye neeNkwenkwezi

IHelium ikwasetyenziswa kwiibhaluni nakwiinqwelo moya. Ngenxa yokuba ihelium ilula kunomoya, ii-airship kunye neebhaluni zizaliswe yihelium. IHelium inenzuzo yokuba ayitshi, nangona ihydrogen inamandla ngakumbi kwaye inesantya esiphantsi sokuphuma kwi-membrane. Olunye ukusetyenziswa kwesibini kubuchwepheshe berokhethi, apho ihelium isetyenziswa njengendawo yokulahleka ukuze isuse ipetroli kunye ne-oxidizer kwiitanki zokugcina kwaye idibanise ihydrogen kunye neoksijini ukwenza ipetroli yerokhethi. Ingasetyenziselwa nokususa ipetroli kunye ne-oxidizer kwizixhobo zokuxhasa umhlaba ngaphambi kokuba iqalise, kwaye ingapholisa ihydrogen engamanzi kwinqwelo moya. Kwirokhethi yeSaturn V esetyenziswe kwinkqubo yeApollo, malunga ne-370,000 cubic metres (13 million cubic feet) yehelium yayifuneka ukuze iqalise.

Uhlalutyo lokuFunyaniswa nokuVunywa kokuVunywa kweMibhobho

Olunye uhlobo lokusetyenziswa kwe-helium kwimizi-mveliso kukufumanisa ukuvuza. Ukufumanisa ukuvuza kusetyenziswa ukufumanisa ukuvuza kwiinkqubo eziqulethe ulwelo kunye neegesi. Ngenxa yokuba i-helium isasazeka kwizinto eziqinileyo ngokukhawuleza kathathu kunomoya, isetyenziswa njengegesi yokulandelela ukuvuza kwizixhobo ezine-vacuum ephezulu (ezifana neetanki ze-cryogenic) kunye neenqanawa zoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Into ifakwa kwigumbi, emva koko ikhutshwa kwaye izaliswe yi-helium. Nokuba kumanqanaba okuvuza aphantsi njenge-10-9 mbar•L/s (10-10 Pa•m3 / s), i-helium ephuma ngokuvuza inokubonwa sisixhobo esinobuthathaka (i-helium mass spectrometer). Inkqubo yokulinganisa idla ngokwenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye ibizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lokudibanisa i-helium. Enye indlela elula kukugcwalisa into ekuthethwa ngayo nge-helium kwaye ukhangele ngesandla ukuvuza usebenzisa isixhobo esiphathwa ngesandla.

IHelium isetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuvuza kuba yeyona molekyuli incinci kwaye yimolekyuli ye-monatomic, ngoko ke i-helium ivuza lula. Igesi yeHelium izaliswa kuloo nto ngexesha lokufumanisa ukuvuza, kwaye ukuba kukho ukuvuza, i-helium mass spectrometer iya kukwazi ukubona indawo yokuvuza. IHelium ingasetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuvuza kwiirokethi, iitanki zepetroli, ii-heat exchangers, imigca yegesi, izixhobo ze-elektroniki, iityhubhu zeTVV kunye nezinye izinto zokwenza. Ukufumanisa ukuvuza kusetyenziswa i-helium kwaqala ukusetyenziswa ngexesha leprojekthi yaseManhattan ukufumanisa ukuvuza kwizityalo zokucebisa i-uranium. I-helium yokufumanisa ukuvuza inokutshintshwa nge-hydrogen, i-nitrogen, okanye umxube we-hydrogen kunye ne-nitrogen.

Ukuwelda kunye nokusebenza ngesinyithi

Igesi yeHelium isetyenziswa njengegesi ekhuselayo kwi-arc welding nakwi-plasma arc welding ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu e-ionization potential kunezinye ii-athomu. Igesi yeHelium ejikeleze i-weld ithintela isinyithi ekubeni singabi yi-oxidizing kwimeko enyibilikisiweyo. Amandla aphezulu e-ionization potential e-helium avumela i-plasma arc welding yeentsimbi ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswa ekwakheni, ekwakheni iinqanawa, nakwi-aerospace, ezifana ne-titanium, i-zirconium, i-magnesium, kunye ne-aluminium alloys. Nangona i-helium kwigesi yokukhusela inokutshintshwa yi-argon okanye i-hydrogen, ezinye izinto (ezifana ne-titanium helium) azinakutshintshwa kwi-plasma arc welding. Kuba i-helium yigesi yodwa ekhuselekileyo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.

Enye yezona ndawo zisebenzayo kuphuhliso kukuwelda ngentsimbi engagqwaliyo. I-Helium yigesi engasebenziyo, oko kuthetha ukuba ayichaphazeleki ziikhemikhali xa idibana nezinye izinto. Olu phawu lubaluleke kakhulu kwiigesi zokukhusela ukuwelda.

IHelium ikwaqhuba ubushushu kakuhle. Yiyo loo nto isetyenziswa rhoqo kwii-welds apho kufuneka khona ubushushu obuninzi ukuphucula ukufuma kwe-weld. IHelium ikwaluncedo ekukhawuleziseni.

I-Helium idla ngokuxutywa ne-argon ngobuninzi obahlukeneyo kumxube wegesi okhuselayo ukuze isebenzise ngokupheleleyo iipropati ezilungileyo zeegesi zombini. I-Helium, umzekelo, isebenza njengegesi ekhuselayo ukunceda ukubonelela ngeendlela ezibanzi nezingaphantsi zokungena ngexesha lokuwelda. Kodwa i-helium ayiboneleli ngokucoca njenge-argon.

Ngenxa yoko, abavelisi besinyithi badla ngokucinga ngokuxuba i-argon ne-helium njengenxalenye yenkqubo yabo yokusebenza. Kwi-gas shielded metal arc welding, i-helium inokuba ne-25% ukuya kwi-75% yomxube wegesi kumxube we-helium/argon. Ngokulungisa ukwakheka komxube wegesi okhuselayo, i-welder inokuchaphazela ukusasazwa kobushushu be-weld, nto leyo echaphazela imo yecandelo elinqamlezileyo le-weld metal kunye nesantya se-welding.

Ishishini le-Electronic Semiconductor

Njengegesi engasebenziyo, i-helium izinzile kangangokuba ayisebenzi kakuhle nezinye izinto. Le mpawu iyenza isetyenziswe njengekhaka kwi-arc welding (ukuthintela ungcoliseko lweoksijini emoyeni). I-Helium ikwanazo nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo, ezifana nee-semiconductors kunye nokuveliswa kwefayibha ye-optical. Ukongeza, ingathatha indawo ye-nitrogen kwi-deep diving ukuthintela ukwakheka kwamaqamza e-nitrogen egazini, ngaloo ndlela ithintele isifo sokuntywila.

Umthamo weNtengiso yeHelium yeHlabathi (2016-2027)

Imarike ye-helium yehlabathi ifikelele kwi-$1825.37 yezigidi ngo-2020 kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-$2742.04 yezigidi ngo-2027, kunye nezinga lokukhula lonyaka elidibeneyo (CAGR) le-5.65% (2021-2027). Eli shishini linokungaqinisekanga okukhulu kwiminyaka ezayo. Idatha yengqikelelo ka-2021-2027 kweli phepha isekelwe kuphuhliso lwembali lweminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, izimvo zeengcali zoshishino kunye nezimvo zabahlalutyi kweli phepha.

Ishishini le-helium ligxile kakhulu, livela kwimithombo yendalo, kwaye linabavelisi abambalwa kwihlabathi liphela, ikakhulu eMelika, eRashiya, eQatar naseAlgeria. Ehlabathini lonke, icandelo labathengi ligxile eMelika, eTshayina, naseYurophu njalo njalo. IMelika inembali ende kwaye inesikhundla esingagungqiyo kushishino.

Iinkampani ezininzi zinemizi-mveliso emininzi, kodwa zihlala zingasondelani neemarike zabathengi ezijolise kubo. Ke ngoko, imveliso ineendleko eziphezulu zokuthutha.

Ukususela kwiminyaka emihlanu yokuqala, imveliso ikhule kancinci kakhulu. IHelium ngumthombo wamandla ongavuselelekiyo, kwaye kukho imigaqo-nkqubo kumazwe avelisayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iyaqhubeka nokusetyenziswa. Abanye baqikelela ukuba ihelium iya kuphela kwixesha elizayo.

Eli shishini linenani elikhulu lezinto ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe nezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Phantse onke amazwe asebenzisa i-helium, kodwa ambalwa kuphela ane-helium reserves.

IHelium inoluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa kwaye iya kufumaneka kwiindawo ezininzi. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwezixhobo zendalo, imfuno yehelium isenokunyuka kwixesha elizayo, nto leyo edinga ezinye iindlela ezifanelekileyo. Amaxabiso eHelium kulindeleke ukuba aqhubeke enyuka ukusuka ngo-2021 ukuya ku-2026, ukusuka kwi-$13.53 / m3 (2020) ukuya kwi-$19.09 / m3 (2027).

Eli shishini lichaphazeleka yizoqoqosho kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo. Njengoko uqoqosho lwehlabathi lubuyela esiqhelweni, abantu abaninzi baxhalabile ngokuphucula imigangatho yokusingqongileyo, ingakumbi kwimimandla engaphuhliswanga kakuhle enabantu abaninzi kunye nokukhula ngokukhawuleza koqoqosho, imfuno ye-helium iya kwanda.

Okwangoku, abavelisi abakhulu behlabathi baquka iRasgas, iLinde Group, iAir Chemical, iExxonMobil, iAir Liquide (Dz) kunye neGazprom (Ru), njl. Ngo-2020, isabelo sokuthengisa sabavelisi abaphezulu abathandathu siya kudlula i-74%. Kulindeleke ukuba ukhuphiswano kushishino luqine ngakumbi kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo.

Izixhobo ze-HL Cryogenic

Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwemithombo ye-helium engamanzi kunye nokunyuka kwexabiso, kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukulahleka nokubuyiselwa kwe-helium engamanzi kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa kwayo kunye nokuthutha.

I-HL Cryogenic Equipment eyasekwa ngo-1992 luphawu oludityaniswe ne-HL Cryogenic Equipment Company Cryogenic Equipment Co.,Ltd. I-HL Cryogenic Equipment izibophelele kuyilo kunye nokuveliswa kweNkqubo yeMibhobho yeMibhobho yeMibhobho yeMibhobho yeMibhobho yeMibhobho yeMibhobho ephezulu kunye nezixhobo zeNkxaso ezinxulumene nayo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zabathengi. I-Vacuum Insulated Pipe kunye neFlexible Hose zakhiwe kwi-vacuum ephezulu kunye nezixhobo ezifakwe i-multi-layer multi-screen ezikhethekileyo, kwaye zidlula kuthotho lweendlela zonyango ezingqongqo kakhulu kunye nonyango lwe-vacuum ephezulu, esetyenziselwa ukudlulisa i-oxygen engamanzi, i-nitrogen engamanzi, i-argon engamanzi, i-hydrogen engamanzi, i-helium engamanzi, i-ethylene gas LEG kunye ne-LNG yendalo efakwe i-liquefied.

Uthotho lweemveliso zeVacuum Jacketed Pipe, iVacuum Jacketed Hose, iVacuum Jacketed Valve, kunye nePhase Separator kwi-HL Cryogenic Equipment Company, ezidlule kuthotho lweendlela zobugcisa ezingqongqo kakhulu, zisetyenziselwa ukudlulisa ioksijini engamanzi, initrogen engamanzi, i-argon engamanzi, ihydrogen engamanzi, i-helium engamanzi, i-LEG kunye ne-LNG, kwaye ezi mveliso zilungiselelwa izixhobo ze-cryogenic (umz. iitanki ze-cryogenic, ii-dewars kunye neebhokisi ezibandayo njl.njl.) kumashishini okwahlula umoya, iigesi, uhambo ngeenqwelo-moya, izixhobo ze-elektroniki, i-superconductor, iitships, i-automation assembly, ukutya kunye neziselo, ikhemesti, isibhedlele, i-biobank, irabha, ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha zobunjineli beekhemikhali, isinyithi kunye nentsimbi, kunye nophando lwesayensi njl.njl.

Inkampani ye-HL Cryogenic Equipment iye yaba ngumthengisi/umthengisi ofanelekileyo weLinde, Air Liquide, Air Products (AP), Praxair, Messer, BOC, Iwatani, kunye neHangzhou Oxygen Plant Group (Hangyang) njl.