I-Helium yinto yekhemikhali enophawu He kunye nenombolo ye-athomu yesi-2. Yigesi enqabileyo ye-atmospheric, engenambala, ayinancasa, ayinancasa, ayinatyhefu, ayinakutsha, inyibilika kancinane kuphela emanzini. Uxinzelelo lwe-Helium kwi-atmosphere yi-5.24 x 10-4 ngepesenti yomthamo. Inezona ndawo zisezantsi zokubilisa nezinyibilikayo kuyo nayiphi na into, kwaye ikhona kuphela njengerhasi, ngaphandle kweemeko ezibanda kakhulu.

I-Helium ihanjiswa njengegesi okanye i-helium engamanzi kwaye isetyenziswa kwizixhobo zenyukliya, i-semiconductors, iilaser, iibhalbhu zokukhanya, i-superconductivity, i-instrumentation, i-semiconductors kunye ne-fiber optics, i-cryogenic, i-MRI kunye nophando lwelabhoratri ye-R&D.

Ubushushu obuphantsi Umthombo obandayo

I-Helium isetyenziselwa ukupholisa i-cryogenic kwimithombo yokupholisa ye-cryogenic, efana ne-imaging magnetic resonance (MRI), i-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) i-spectroscopy, i-superconducting quantum particle accelerator, i-hadron collider enkulu, i-interferometer (i-SQUID), i-electron spin resonance (ESR) kunye ne-superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), i-MHD i-superconducting generators, i-sensor ye-superconducting, ukuhanjiswa kwamandla, ukuthuthwa kwe-maglev, i-mass spectrometer, i-magnetic superconducting, i-separators ye-magnetic field eyomeleleyo, i-annular field superconducting magnets ye-fusion reactors kunye nolunye uphando lwe-cryogenic. I-Helium ipholisa izixhobo ze-cryogenic superconducting kunye nemagnethi ukuya kufutshane ne-zero ngokupheleleyo, ngelo xesha ukuxhathisa kwe-superconductor kwehla ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwi-zero. Ukuchasana okuphantsi kakhulu kwe-superconductor kudala intsimi yamagnetic enamandla ngakumbi. Kwimeko yezixhobo ze-MRI ezisetyenziswa ezibhedlele, iindawo ezinamandla zemagnethi zivelisa iinkcukacha ezingakumbi kwimifanekiso yeradiographic.

I-Helium isetyenziswa njengesona sipholisi esiphezulu kuba i-helium inezona ndawo zisezantsi zokunyibilika kunye nokubila, ayiqini kuxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric kunye no-0 K, kwaye i-helium i-inert ye-chemically inert, eyenza ukuba kube nzima ukusabela ngezinye izinto. Ukongeza, i-helium iba yi-superfluid ngaphantsi kwe-2.2 Kelvin. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukushukuma okukhethekileyo kwe-ultra-mobility akukaze kusetyenziswe kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yeshishini. Kwiqondo lokushisa elingaphantsi kwe-17 Kelvin, akukho ndawo ye-helium njengefriji kwi-cryogenic source.

I-Aeronautics kunye ne-Astronautics

I-Helium ikwasetyenziswa kwiibhaluni kunye neenqanawa zomoya. Ngenxa yokuba i-helium ilula kunomoya, iinqanawa zomoya kunye neebhaluni zizaliswe yihelium. I-Helium ine-advanteji yokungatsha, nangona i-hydrogen inamandla ngakumbi kwaye inesantya esisezantsi sokuphunyuka kwinwebu. Olunye usetyenziso lwesibini lukwi-teknoloji ye-rocket, apho i-helium isetyenziselwa ilahleko ephakathi ukukhupha i-fuel kunye ne-oxidizer kwiitanki zokugcina kunye ne-condense ye-hydrogen kunye ne-oksijini ukwenza i-rocket fuel. Isenokusetyenziswa ukususa amafutha kunye ne-oxidizer kwisixhobo sokuxhasa umhlaba phambi kokuqaliswa, kwaye inokupholisa ngaphambili i-hydrogen engamanzi kwisiphekepheke. Kwi-rocket ye-Saturn V esetyenziswe kwiprogram ye-Apollo, malunga ne-370,000 cubic metres (i-13 million cubic feet) ye-helium yayifuneka ukuqalisa.

Ukufunyanwa koMbhobho ovuzayo kunye noHlalutyo lokuFumana

Olunye usetyenziso lweshishini lwe-helium kukubona ukuvuza. Ukubona ukuvuza kusetyenziselwa ukukhangela ukuvuza kwiinkqubo eziqulethe ulwelo kunye neegesi. Ngenxa yokuba i-helium isasazeka ngokuphindwe kathathu kunomoya, isetyenziselwa i-tracer gas ukubona ukuvuza kwezixhobo eziphezulu ze-vacuum (ezifana neetanki ze-cryogenic) kunye neenqanawa ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Into ifakwe kwigumbi, eliye likhutshwe kwaye lizaliswe nge-helium. Nakumazinga okuvuza asezantsi njenge-10-9 mbar•L/s (10-10 Pa•m3 / s), i-helium ephuma kwindawo evuzayo inokubonwa ngesixhobo esibuthathaka (i-helium mass spectrometer). Inkqubo yokulinganisa idla ngokuzenzekela kwaye ibizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lokudibanisa i-helium. Enye, indlela elula kukugcwalisa into ebuzwayo nge-helium kwaye ukhangele ngesandla ukuvuza usebenzisa isixhobo esiphathwa ngesandla.

I-Helium isetyenziselwa ukubona ukuvuza ngenxa yokuba yeyona molekyuli incinci kwaye iyimolekyuli ye-monatomic, ngoko ke i-helium ivuza ngokulula. Igesi ye-helium igcwele into ngexesha lokubona ukuvuza, kwaye ukuba ukuvuza kwenzeka, i-spectrometer ye-helium mass iya kukwazi ukubona indawo yokuvuza. I-Helium ingasetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuvuza kwiirokethi, iitanki zepetroli, ukutshintshiselana kobushushu, imigca yegesi, i-electronics, i-TEVISION tubes kunye nezinye izinto zokuvelisa. Ukufunyaniswa kokuvuza kusetyenziswa i-helium kwaqala ukusetyenziswa ngexesha leprojekthi yaseManhattan ukukhangela ukuvuza kwizityalo ezityebisa iuranium. I-helium yokufumanisa ukuvuza kunokutshintshwa nge-hydrogen, i-nitrogen, okanye umxube we-hydrogen kunye ne-nitrogen.

Ukuwelda kunye nokusebenza kweMetal

Igesi yeHelium isetyenziswa njengegesi ekhuselayo kwi-arc welding kunye ne-plasma arc welding ngenxa ye-ionization ephezulu yamandla anokubakho kunezinye ii-athomu. Igesi ye-Helium ejikeleze i-weld ikhusela isinyithi kwi-oxidizing kwimeko etyhidiweyo. Amandla anamandla e-ionization aphezulu e-helium avumela i-plasma arc welding yesinyithi esahlukileyo esisetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa, ukwakhiwa kweenqanawa, kunye ne-aerospace, njenge-titanium, i-zirconium, i-magnesium, kunye ne-aluminium alloys. Nangona i-helium kwigesi ekhuselayo inokutshintshwa yi-argon okanye i-hydrogen, ezinye izinto (ezifana ne-titanium helium) azikwazi ukutshintshwa kwi-plasma arc welding. Kuba i-helium kuphela kwegesi ekhuselekileyo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.

Enye yezona ndawo zisebenzayo zophuhliso yintsimbi ye-stainless welding. I-Helium yigesi engasebenziyo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ayingeni kwiikhemikhali xa idibene nezinye izinto. Olu phawu lubaluleke kakhulu kwiigesi zokukhusela i-welding.

I-Helium ikwaqhuba kakuhle ubushushu. Kungenxa yoko le nto isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-welds apho igalelo eliphezulu lokushisa lifunekayo ukuze kuphuculwe ukumanzi kwe-weld. I-Helium ikwaluncedo kwisantya.

I-Helium idla ngokuxutywa kunye ne-argon ngamanani ahlukeneyo kumxube wegesi okhuselayo ukuze uthathe inzuzo epheleleyo kwiipropati ezilungileyo zombini iigesi. Ngokomzekelo, i-Helium isebenza njengegesi ekhuselayo ekuncedeni ukubonelela ngeendlela ezibanzi kunye nezinzulu zokungena ngexesha le-welding. Kodwa i-helium ayiboneleli ngokucoca okwenziwa yi-argon.

Ngenxa yoko, abavelisi besinyithi bahlala becinga ukuxuba i-argon kunye ne-helium njengenxalenye yenkqubo yabo yokusebenza. Kwigesi ekhuselweyo ye-arc welding, i-helium inokubandakanya i-25% ukuya kwi-75% yomxube wegesi kumxube we-helium/argon. Ngokulungelelanisa ukubunjwa komxube wegesi okhuselayo, i-welder inokuchaphazela ukusabalalisa ukushisa kwe-weld, okuchaphazela ukubunjwa kwecandelo le-cross ye-weld metal kunye nesantya se-welding.

Ishishini le-Electronic Semiconductor

Njengegesi engasebenziyo, i-helium izinzile kangangokuba ayisabeli nazo naziphi na ezinye izinto. Le propati yenza ukuba isetyenziswe njengekhaka kwi-arc welding (ukuthintela ukungcoliswa kwe-oksijini emoyeni). I-Helium ikwanazo nezinye izicelo ezibalulekileyo, ezifana ne-semiconductors kunye nokuveliswa kwefiber optical. Ukongeza, inokutshintsha i-nitrogen ekuntywileni nzulu ukukhusela ukwakheka kwamaqamza e-nitrogen egazini, oko kuthintela ukugula kokuntywila.

Umthamo weNtengiso yeHelium yeHlabathi (2016-2027)

Imakethi ye-helium yehlabathi ifikelele kuthi kwi-1825.37 yezigidi zeedola ngo-2020 kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-US $ 2742.04 yezigidi ngo-2027, ngesantya sokukhula sonyaka (CAGR) se-5.65% (2021-2027). Ishishini linokungaqiniseki okukhulu kwiminyaka ezayo. Idatha ye-forecast ye-2021-2027 kweli phepha isekelwe kuphuhliso lwembali kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, iimbono zeengcali zoshishino kunye neengcamango zabahlalutyi kweli phepha.

Ishishini le-helium ligxininiswe kakhulu, livela kwimithombo yendalo, kwaye linabakhiqizi behlabathi abalinganiselweyo, ngakumbi e-United States, eRashiya, eQatar nase-Algeria. Ehlabathini, icandelo labathengi ligxile e-United States, e-China, naseYurophu njalo njalo. I-United States inembali ende kunye nesikhundla esingagungqiyo kwishishini.

Iinkampani ezininzi zineefektri ezininzi, kodwa zihlala zingasondeli kwiimarike zabathengi abajolise kuzo. Ngoko ke, imveliso inexabiso eliphezulu lokuthutha.

Ukusukela kwiminyaka emihlanu yokuqala, imveliso ikhule kancinci kakhulu. I-Helium ngumthombo wamandla ongahlaziyekiyo, kwaye imigaqo-nkqubo ikhona ekuveliseni amazwe ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo okuqhubekayo. Abanye baqikelela ukuba i-helium iya kuphelelwa lixesha.

Ishishini linomlinganiselo ophezulu wezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle nezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Phantse onke amazwe asebenzisa i-helium, kodwa ambalwa aneendawo zokugcina i-helium.

I-Helium inoluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa kwaye iya kufumaneka kwiindawo ezininzi nangaphezulu. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwemithombo yendalo, imfuno ye-helium inokuthi inyuke kwixesha elizayo, ifuna ezinye iindlela ezifanelekileyo. Amaxabiso e-Helium kulindeleke ukuba aqhubeke nokunyuka ukusuka kwi-2021 ukuya kwi-2026, ukusuka kwi-$ 13.53 / m3 (2020) ukuya kwi-$ 19.09 / m3 (2027).

Ushishino luchatshazelwa luqoqosho kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo. Njengoko uqoqosho lwehlabathi lubuyela, abantu abaninzi ngakumbi banenkxalabo malunga nokuphucula imigangatho yokusingqongileyo, ngakumbi kwimimandla engaphuhliswanga enabantu abaninzi kunye nokukhula ngokukhawuleza koqoqosho, imfuno ye-helium iya kwanda.

Okwangoku, abavelisi abakhulu behlabathi baquka i-Rasgas, i-Linde Group, i-Air Chemical, i-ExxonMobil, i-Air Liquide (i-Dz) kunye ne-Gazprom (i-Ru), njl njl. Kwi-2020, isabelo sokuthengisa sabavelisi be-Top 6 siya kudlula i-74%. Kulindeleke ukuba ukhuphiswano lube shushu kakhulu kule minyaka imbalwa izayo.

HL Izixhobo zeCryogenic

Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwemithombo ye-helium yamanzi kunye nokunyuka kwexabiso, kubalulekile ukunciphisa ilahleko kunye nokubuyiselwa kwe-helium yamanzi ekusebenziseni kwayo kunye nenkqubo yokuthutha.

I-HL Cryogenic Equipment eyasungulwa kwi-1992 yi-brand ehambelana ne-HL Cryogenic Equipment Company Cryogenic Equipment Co., Ltd. I-HL Cryogenic Equipment izibophelele ekuyilweni nasekuveliseni iNkqubo yeMibhobho ye-Vacuum ye-High Vacuum Insulated Cryogenic kunye neZixhobo zeNkxaso ezinxulumeneyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zabathengi. I-Vacuum Insulated Pipe kunye ne-Flexible Hose yakhiwe kwindawo yokucoca ephezulu kunye ne-multi-layer multi-screen special insulated materials, kwaye idlula kuthotho lonyango olungqongqo kakhulu lobugcisa kunye nonyango oluphezulu lwevacuum, olusetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kweoksijini elulwelo, initrogen engamanzi. , i-argon yolwelo, i-hydrogen engamanzi, i-helium engamanzi, igesi ye-ethylene engamanzi ULEG kunye negesi yendalo enyibilikisiweyo ye-LNG.

Uluhlu lwemveliso ye-Vacuum Jacketed Pipe, i-Vacuum Jacketed Hose, iVacuum Jacketed Valve, kunye neSigaba Sokwahlula kwi-HL Cryogenic Equipment Company, edlula uluhlu lwezonyango ezingqongqo kakhulu, zisetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kwe-oksijini yolwelo, i-nitrogen engamanzi, i-argon yolwelo, i-hydrogen engamanzi, i-helium yolwelo, i-LEG kunye ne-LNG, kwaye ezi mveliso zisetyenziselwa izixhobo ze-cryogenic (umzekelo, amatanki e-cryogenic, i-dewars kunye neebhokisi ezibandayo njl. isiselo, ikhemesti, isibhedlele, i-biobank, irabha, izinto ezintsha zokwenza ubunjineli bemichiza, intsimbi kunye nentsimbi, kunye nophando lwezenzululwazi njl.

I-HL Cryogenic Equipment Inkampani iye yaba ngumthengisi ofanelekileyo / umthengisi weLinde, i-Air Liquide, i-Air Products (AP), i-Praxair, i-Messer, i-BOC, i-Iwatani, kunye ne-Hangzhou Oxygen Plant Group (i-Hangyang) njl.